Editing Kingdom of Rovenia (section)

=== Twentieth century ===
At the outbreak of [[w:World War I|World War I]] in 1914, Rovenian regiments fought within the Hohenberg imperial military. War weariness, economic blockade, and massive casualties led to widespread mutinies by 1917. On 28 October 1918, the Rovenian Parliament declared independence, severing all ties with the collapsing Hohenberg Empire. On 11 November 1918, King [[w:Charles I of Austria|Karl IV]] renounced participation in state affairs. Parliament elected Prince Aleksandar of Rovenia—claiming descent from the medieval Veleslav line through female lineage—to the throne as Aleksandar I of Rovenia in 1920, establishing the House of Roven.

The interwar period saw rapid industrialization alongside intense political instability. Economic strain caused by the [[w:Great Depression|Great Depression]] facilitated the rise of authoritarian political factions. In response to political violence and an attempted paramilitary coup, King Aleksandar II suspended the 1920 Constitution in 1936, establishing a [[w:Royal dictatorship|royal dictatorship]] that suppressed political extremes and centralized state administration.

During [[w:World War II|World War II]], Rovenia declared neutrality in 1939. However, a pro-Axis military coup in April 1941 triggered an immediate [[w:Invasion of Yugoslavia|Axis invasion]] and partition of the country into Italian, German, and puppet control zones. Three rival domestic forces emerged: the monarchist Royal Army Resistance, the Communist-led [[w:Yugoslav Partisans|People's Liberation Movement]] headed by Anton Krešič, and the liberal National Civic Resistance. By late 1944, Krešič's Partisans, supported by the Soviet [[w:Red Army|Red Army]], secured control of the country.

In 1946, a rigged [[w:1946 Yugoslav referendum|referendum]] formally abolished the monarchy and established the socialist People's Republic of Rovenia. Krešič broke with [[w:Joseph Stalin|Joseph Stalin]] during the [[w:Tito–Stalin split|Soviet-Rovenian split]] of 1948, adopting an independent, [[w:Non-Aligned Movement|non-aligned]] foreign policy and implementing [[w:Workers' self-management|worker self-management]] economic policies. The 1974 Constitution transformed the country into the Socialist Federal Republic of Rovenia, composed of three autonomous republics (North, Central, and South Rovenia).